如何使VPS支持HTTPS
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在当今互联网时代,HTTPS已经成为标准的网络通信协议,它通过加密传输数据,保障用户信息安全,提升网站可信度,如果你的VPS(虚拟专用服务器)无法正常支持HTTPS,可能会影响网站的访问性和用户信任度,如何使VPS支持HTTPS呢?以下是一些详细步骤和注意事项。
安装SSL证书
HTTPS的核心是使用SSL(Simple Secure Hash)证书对数据进行加密,以下是安装SSL证书的步骤:
1 下载SSL证书
你需要下载一个合法的SSL证书,常见的SSL证书发行机构包括:
- Let's Encrypt:免费提供SSL证书,适用于小型网站。
- Go Daddy Certificates:提供多种类型的SSL证书。
- aws-ssl证书:如果使用AWS云服务,可以使用AWS提供的SSL证书。
确保你下载的证书是合法且经过验证的,避免使用过时或无效的证书。
2 配置VPS
在VPS的控制面板中,找到Web服务器配置部分,通常是在“管理”或“配置”菜单下,配置文件可能位于Apache/2.4/
或其他路径,具体取决于你的VPS提供商。
3 添加SSL证书
在配置文件中,添加SSL证书的路径,在Apache配置文件中,添加以下内容:
SSLLocation / ssl/; Include /etc/apache2/ssl/ssl.certs; SSLRootCERT /etc/apache2/ssl/letssencrypt cert.pem; SSL/keyfile.pem /etc/apache2/ssl/letssencrypt key.pem; SSLValidUntil 365d; SSLCheckCerts 1; SSLVerifyAllCA 0; SSL cipher SNI DSS-AES256-SHA256:MD5; SSL auth MD5; SSL mode TLSv1.2; SSL ciphers TLSv1.2:AES256-GCM-SHA256; SSL key exchange DHE-RSA-ECDSA-AES256-SHA256; SSL signed key exchange DH-RSA-ECDSA-AES256-SHA256; SSL TLS cipher TLSv1.2:ECDSA-AES256-SHA256; SSL TLS cipher TLSv1.2:RSA-ECDSA-AES256-SHA256;
4 启用SSL
在Apache配置文件中,启用SSL:
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 你的域名 <Directory your_domain> <Option server_name> AllowOverride All </Option> <Option SSL> On </Option> <Option SSLValidUntil> 365d </Option> <Option SSLCheckCerts> 1 </Option> <Option SSLVerifyAllCA> 0 </Option> <Option SSL cipher> SNI DSS-AES256-SHA256:MD5 </Option> <Option SSL auth> MD5 </Option> <Option SSL mode> TLSv1.2 </Option> <Option SSL cipher> TLSv1.2:ECDSA-AES256-SHA256 </Option> <Option SSL signed key exchange> DH-RSA-ECDSA-AES256-SHA256 </Option> <Option SSL TLS cipher> TLSv1.2:RSA-ECDSA-AES256-SHA256 </Option> </Directory> </VirtualHost>
配置Web服务器
除了安装SSL证书,还需要配置Web服务器,确保它能够正确处理HTTPS请求。
1 配置Apache
如果使用Apache作为Web服务器,可以按照以下步骤配置:
在Apache配置文件中添加SSL模块:
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 你的域名 <Directory your_domain> <Option server_name> AllowOverride All </Option> <Option SSL> On </Option> <Option SSLValidUntil> 365d </Option> <Option SSLCheckCerts> 1 </Option> <Option SSLVerifyAllCA> 0 </Option> <Option SSL cipher> SNI DSS-AES256-SHA256:MD5 </Option> <Option SSL auth> MD5 </Option> <Option SSL mode> TLSv1.2 </Option> <Option SSL cipher> TLSv1.2:ECDSA-AES256-SHA256 </Option> <Option SSL signed key exchange> DH-RSA-ECDSA-AES256-SHA256 </Option> <Option SSL TLS cipher> TLSv1.2:RSA-ECDSA-AES256-SHA256 </Option> </Directory> </VirtualHost>
启用SSL:
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 你的域名 <Directory your_domain> <Option server_name> AllowOverride All </Option> <Option SSL> On </Option> <Option SSLValidUntil> 365d </Option> <Option SSLCheckCerts> 1 </Option> <Option SSLVerifyAllCA> 0 </Option> <Option SSL cipher> SNI DSS-AES256-SHA256:MD5 </Option> <Option SSL auth> MD5 </Option> <Option SSL mode> TLSv1.2 </Option> <Option SSL cipher> TLSv1.2:ECDSA-AES256-SHA256 </Option> <Option SSL signed key exchange> DH-RSA-ECDSA-AES256-SHA256 </Option> <Option SSL TLS cipher> TLSv1.2:RSA-ECDSA-AES256-SHA256 </Option> </Directory> </VirtualHost>
2 配置Nginx
如果使用Nginx作为Web服务器,配置方式有所不同:
添加SSL模块:
include sslcerts; include site SSL;
配置SSL:
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers TLSv1.2:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDSA-AES256-SHA256; ssl_key_expires 365d; ssl signed_key_expires; ssl signed_key_expires_by; ssl signed_key_expires Forever; ssl signed_key_expires_check; ssl signed_key_excludes; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.0; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.1; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.3; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.4; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.5; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.6; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.7; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.8; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.9; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.10; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.11; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.12; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.13; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.14; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.15; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.16; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.17; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.18; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.19; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.20; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.21; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.22; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.23; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.24; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.25; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.26; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.27; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.28; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.29; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.30; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.31; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.32; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.33; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.34; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.35; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.36; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.37; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.38; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.39; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.40; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.41; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.42; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.43; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.44; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.45; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.46; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.47; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.48; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.49; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.50; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.51; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.52; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.53; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.54; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.55; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.56; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.57; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.58; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.59; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.60; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.61; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.62; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.63; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.64; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.65; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.66; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.67; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.68; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.69; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.70; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.71; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.72; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.73; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.74; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.75; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.76; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.77; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.78; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.79; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.80; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.81; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.82; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.83; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.84; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.85; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.86; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.87; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.88; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.89; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.90; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.91; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.92; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.93; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.94; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.95; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.96; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.97; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.98; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.99; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.100; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.101; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.102; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.103; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.104; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.105; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.106; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.107; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.108; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.109; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.110; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.111; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.112; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.113; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.114; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.115; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.116; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.117; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.118; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.119; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.120; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.121; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.122; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.123; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.124; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.125; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.126; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.127; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.128; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.129; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.130; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.131; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.132; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.133; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.134; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.135; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.136; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.137; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.138; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.139; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.140; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.141; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.142; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.143; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.144; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.145; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.146; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.147; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.148; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.149; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.150; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.151; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.152; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.153; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.154; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.155; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.156; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.157; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.158; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.159; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.160; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.161; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.162; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.163; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.164; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.165; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.166; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.167; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.168; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.169; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.170; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.171; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.172; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.173; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.174; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.175; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.176; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.177; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.178; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.179; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.180; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.181; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.182; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.183; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.184; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.185; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.186; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.187; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.188; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.189; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.190; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.191; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.192; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.193; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.194; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.195; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.196; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.197; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.198; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.199; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.200; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.201; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.202; ssl signed_key_excludes TLSv1.2
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