新服务器该用什么指令？
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安装系统
在使用新服务器之前,我们需要先安装操作系统，以下是安装Linux系统的常用指令。
安装系统软件
在安装操作系统之前,我们通常需要先安装系统软件（如网络适配器、驱动程序等）。
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CentOS系统：
sudo yum install network-interfaces netmask-ips
这个命令会安装网络适配器和网络掩码。
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Ubuntu系统：
sudo apt-get install networking
这个命令会安装网络相关软件。
启用网络服务
在安装完成后,我们需要启用网络服务。
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CentOS系统：
sudo systemctl enable network.target
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Ubuntu系统：
sudo systemctl enable network.target
启动网络服务
启动网络服务后,网络就可以正常工作了。
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CentOS系统：
sudo systemctl start network.target
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Ubuntu系统：
sudo systemctl start network.target
配置网络
网络配置是新服务器的重要组成部分,以下是常见的网络配置指令。
设置防火墙
防火墙可以阻止未经授权的网络访问。
-
CentOS系统：
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
在编辑器中输入以下内容：
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
保存并退出编辑器后,运行：
sudo sysctl -p
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Ubuntu系统：
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
保存并退出后,运行：
sudo sysctl -p
配置NAT（网络地址转换）
NAT可以允许多个终端访问同一台服务器。
-
CentOS系统：
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.nat=1 net.ipv4.nat Traversal=1
保存并退出后,运行：
sudo sysctl -p
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Ubuntu系统：
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.nat=1 net.ipv4.nat Traversal=1
保存并退出后,运行：
sudo sysctl -p
启用SSH访问
SSH可以让我们远程访问服务器。
-
启用SSH服务：
sudo systemctl enable sshd
-
重新启动SSH服务：
sudo systemctl restart sshd
管理文件权限
文件权限管理是确保服务器安全的重要部分。
查看文件权限
sudo chown -R --time=30 minutes:seconds /path/to/directory
更改文件权限
sudo chmod 755 /path/to/file
更改文件大小写敏感权限
sudo chown -i /path/to/directory
备份数据
备份数据是防止数据丢失的重要措施。
定期备份数据
sudo rsync -avz /path/to/source /path/to/destination
配置备份策略
sudo nano /etc/bakpolu.conf
[defaults] path=/var/log/bakpolu prefix= daily frequency= daily size_limit=1000000 crontab=/var/log/bakpolu.crontab crontab_expression= */5 * * * 0-29 crontab_name= daily crontab_start= 0:0 crontab_end= 23:59 crontab_interval= daily crontab_backlog= 1 crontab_backlog_interval= daily crontab_backlog_max= 10 crontab_backlog retaining= 7 crontab_backlog retention= 7 crontab_backlog compression= 1 crontab_backlog compression_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain= 7 crontab_backlog compression retain_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily crontab_backlog compression retain_max= 10 crontab_backlog compression retain_max_interval= daily 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