Arch Linux VPS 搭建指南，从零开始的虚拟服务器配置
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在现代互联网时代,虚拟服务器（VPS）已经成为个人和小型企业部署网站的理想选择，Arch Linux作为一款功能强大且高度可定制的Linux发行版，非常适合用于VPS服务器的构建和管理，本文将详细介绍如何从零开始在Arch Linux上搭建一个虚拟服务器，并配置基本的网络和数据安全设置。
准备阶段
选择合适的虚拟化平台
搭建VPS通常需要使用虚拟化软件,如VirtualBox、VMware、Hyper-V（Windows自带）、QEMU（Linux自带）等，对于Arch Linux用户，QEMU可能是最方便的选择，因为它支持直接创建虚拟机。
下载和安装虚拟化软件
以QEMU为例,安装步骤如下：
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install qemu-system-x86_64 qm
安装完成后,运行以下命令启动虚拟化服务：
sudo systemctl enable qm sudo systemctl start qm
下载Arch Linux镜像
访问https://archlinux.org/，选择适合的版本下载ISO镜像，推荐使用最新的版本，以确保所有新功能和安全更新。
创建虚拟机
打开QEMU管理器（qm），选择“Create New Hypervisor”开始创建新虚拟机，根据需要设置以下参数：
- Name: 为虚拟机起一个有意义的名字，myvps"
- Type: 选择"Linux"
- Storage: 添加一块虚拟磁盘（建议至少2GB）
- Console Type: 添加一个图形终端（如X11）
- Boot Type: 选择"From Image"
- Image: 选择你下载的Arch Linux ISO镜像
- guest OS: 选择Linux
单击“Create”开始创建虚拟机。
安装系统
在虚拟机中安装系统
启动虚拟机后,安装系统：
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y systemd sudo systemctl enable systemd sudo systemctl enable networking sudo systemctl enable diskreter sudo systemctl enable networkd sudo systemctl enable netfilter-pkt sudo systemctl enable hibernation sudo systemctl enable journalctl sudo systemctl enable daemons
配置网络接口
在虚拟机中启用网络接口：
sudo netplan apply -m
选择一个网络接口（如eth0），并配置IP地址：
sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0 sudo ip link set up eth0
配置防火墙
安装并配置网络防火墙：
sudo apt-get install -y firewalld sudo systemctl enable firewalld sudo systemctl set unit:firewalld to on sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=net:tcp:80:80 sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=net:tcp:443:443 sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=net:tcp:22:22 sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=net:tcp:220:220
配置虚拟服务器
安装必要的服务：
sudo apt-get install -y nginx libapache2-mod-php72 sudo systemctl enable nginx sudo systemctl enable libapache2-mod-php72
数据备份
配置rsync备份
在虚拟机上安装rsync：
sudo apt-get install -y rsync sudo systemctl enable rsync sudo systemctl set unit:rsync to on
设置备份策略
在rsync配置文件中（/etc/rsync.conf），添加以下内容：
rsync --rsync-path=/var/lib/rsync rsync -avz --delete rsync: backup: /var/lib/rsync/backup rsync: mirror: /var/lib/rsync/mirror rsync: keep-only: /var/lib/rsync/keeponly rsync: exclude: /var/lib/rsync/exclude rsync: exclude ./ rsync: exclude ^. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude ^.. rsync: exclude 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