Ubuntu 上如何使用 SSH 连接到 VPS？

在 Ubuntu 上使用 SSH 连接到虚拟服务器（VPS）是一个常见的操作，尤其是在云服务器托管服务中，以下是详细的步骤指南，帮助你顺利完成连接。

安装 VPS

你需要在你的 Ubuntu 电脑上安装一个 VPS 服务，常见的 VPS 服务提供商包括 DigitalOcean、HostGator、AWS 等，以下是一个基本的安装指南：

1 安装 VPS 服务

根据你的 VPS 提供商选择合适的安装方法，对于 DigitalOcean：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install openssh-server
sudo apt install vps

2 启动 VPS 服务

启动 VPS 服务：

sudo systemctl start openssh-server
sudo systemctl start vps

3 登录到 VPS

通过浏览器访问 VPS 的控制面板，找到 SSH 配置选项，按照指引完成配置。

配置 SSH

在 VPS 上配置 SSH 以允许从你的 Ubuntu 电脑连接到 VPS。

1 生成公私钥对

生成一个公私钥对：

sudo ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096

生成后,你会得到一个公钥文件（id_rsa.pub）和一个私钥文件（id_rsa）。

2 添加公钥到 VPS

将公钥文件添加到 VPS 的 SSH 公钥列表中：

sudo nano ~/.ssh/config

在编辑的 SSH 配置文件中，找到以下部分并添加：

[ssh]
    HostName=your-vps-name
    User=your-username
    ssh公钥文件=/path/to/your-id_rsa.pub

保存并退出。

编辑 VPS 的 SSH 配置

在 VPS 的控制面板中，找到 SSH 配置选项，编辑你的公钥路径：

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

找到以下部分并修改：

[sshd]
    sshd crashes=0
    sshd useraddadm=1
    sshd userdel=1
    sshd usermodadm=1

添加你的公钥路径：

[sshd]
    sshd allow_insecure25519=1
    sshd allow_insecure ed25519=1
    sshd allow_insecure Guillou-Quisquater=1
    sshd allow_insecure X25519=1
    sshd allow_insecure Ed25519=1
    sshd allow_insecure RSA=1
    sshd allow_insecure DSA=1
    sshd allow_insecure ECDSA=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-SHA256=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-Merkle-SHA256=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-Merkle=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-SHA1=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-DSA=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDH=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-256k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-512k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-1024k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-2048k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-4096k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-8192k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-16384k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-32768k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-65536k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-131072k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-262144k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-524288k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-1048576k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-2097152k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-4194304k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-8388608k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-16777216k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-33554432k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-67108864k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-134217728k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-268435456k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-536870912k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-1073741824k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-2147483648k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-4294967296k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-8589934592k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-17179869184k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-34359738368k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-68719476736k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-137438953472k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-274877906944k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-549755813888k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-1099511627776k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-2199023255552k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-4398046511104k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-8796093022208k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-17592186044416k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-35184372088832k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-70368744177664k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-140737488355328k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-281474976710656k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-562949953421312k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-1125899906842624k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-2251799813685248k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-4503599627370496k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-9007199254740992k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-18014398509481984k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-36028797018963968k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-72057594037927936k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-144115188075855872k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-288230376151711744k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-576460752303423488k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-1152921504606846976k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-2305843009213693952k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-4611686018427387904k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-9223372036854775808k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-18446744073709551616k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-36893488147419103232k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-73786976294838206464k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-147573952589676412928k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-295147905179352825856k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-590295810358705651712k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-1180591620717411303424k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-2361183241434822606848k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-4722366482869645213696k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-9444732965739290427392k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-18889465931478580854784k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-37778931862957161709568k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-75557863725914323419136k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-151115727451828646838272k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-302231454903657293676544k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-604462909807314587353088k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-1208925819614629174706176k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-2417851639229258349412352k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-4835703278458516698824704k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-9671406556917033397649408k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-19342813113834066795298816k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-38685626227668133590597632k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-77371252455336267181195264k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-ECDHE-RSA-SHA256-154742504910672534362390528k=1
    sshd allow_insecure Diffie-Hellman-E