Linux 登陆 VPS,如何轻松访问你的虚拟服务器
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随着互联网的快速发展,VPS(虚拟专用服务器)已经成为许多开发者和企业的重要工具,通过 VPS,你可以拥有自己的专属服务器,享受高性能和高安全性,当你第一次使用 VPS 时,可能会遇到一个看似简单却容易让人困惑的问题:如何通过 Linux 登陆 VPS?
别担心!本文将为你详细讲解如何通过 Linux 登陆 VPS,让你轻松掌握这项技能。
什么是 VPS?
在开始之前,让我们先明确一下什么是 VPS,VPS,全称为 Virtual Private Server,中文称为虚拟专用服务器,它是一种基于 IANA(Internet Assigned Names Authority)的虚拟化技术,允许你在一台物理服务器上运行多个虚拟服务器,每个虚拟服务器都有自己的操作系统、应用程序和资源。
在 VPS 中运行 Linux 的好处是,Linux 本身就是一个非常稳定且易于管理的操作系统,适合 VPS 环境,Linux 的开源特性使得它在安全性、性能和可定制性方面具有显著优势。
安装 Linux 到 VPS
要通过 Linux 登陆 VPS,首先需要在 VPS 上安装 Linux,这通常需要通过 SSH(安全shell)终端进行,以下是详细的步骤:
生成公私钥对
安装 Linux 之前,你需要生成一个公私钥对,以便在 VPS 上创建用户的账户,使用命令:
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
运行后,你将被要求输入随机的密码,默认设置通常是安全的,但你也可以自定义。
更新公私钥
在生成公私钥对后,你需要更新公私钥文件,运行以下命令:
ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
这会创建两个文件:~/.ssh/id_rsa
(私钥)和 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
(公钥)。
配置 SSH 配置文件
为了确保SSH安全,你需要配置配置文件,运行:
sudo nano ~/.ssh/sshd_config
在编辑器中,找到以下内容并删除:
User root@vpsPort EnableRootLogin yes
然后保存并退出。
安装 Linux
你可以通过 SSH 登陆 VPS 了,使用以下命令安装 Ubuntu:
sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade -y
如果需要安装其他 Linux 发版,可以使用相应的安装命令。
登陆 VPS
你可以通过 SSH 登陆 VPS 了,使用以下命令:
ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa VPS-Username@VPS-Port
ssh
:启动 SSH 服务。-i
:指定 SSH 配置文件。~/.ssh/id_rsa
:指定私钥文件。VPS-Username
:你的 VPS 用户名。- :表示远程连接。
VPS-Port
:你的 VPS 的 SSH 端口(默认为 22)。
配置防火墙
为了确保 VPS 的安全性,建议配置防火墙,以下是如何配置 VPS 防火墙的步骤:
登陆 VPS
使用之前的方法登录到 VPS。
连接到网络设备
使用命令:
sudo nmcli connect vps0
这会连接到 VPS 的以太网接口。
配置 iptables
使用 iptables 配置防火墙:
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o vps0 -j MASQUERADE sudo iptables -A INPUT -i vps0 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -i vps0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -i vps0 -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
这些命令允许 SSH(22 端口)、HTTP(80 端口)和 HTTPS(443 端口)连接。
启用防火墙
运行:
sudo iptables -F INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT sudo service iptables save sudo service iptables restart
访问 VPS
你可以通过浏览器访问你的 VPS 了,以下是步骤:
确定 VPS 的 IP 地址
登录到 VPS 后,可以使用命令:
sudo ping -t 8.8.8.8
或者查看网络属性:
- 网络设备:VPS-Port
- 地址:VPS-IP
访问浏览器
在浏览器中输入:
http://VPS-IP:80
或者:
https://VPS-IP:443
输入用户名和密码
在浏览器中,输入:
http://VPS-Username:VPS-Password
安全注意事项
启用防火墙
确保防火墙已经启用,允许SSH、HTTP 和 HTTPS 连接。
定期备份数据
避免将重要数据存储在 VPS 上,定期备份到安全的位置。
避免共享密码
每次登录时,使用不同的密码,不要将 VPS 密码与其他账户共享。
使用安全的连接方式
避免通过未认证的网络或公共 Wi-Fi 连接 VPS。
优化 VPS 的性能
使用自动重启脚本
编写一个脚本,自动重启 VPS 上的服务:
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